Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes and Prediction of Renal Failure Phases in Males Attending Brack AlShatti Hospital

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a common non-communicable health problem that affects people all over the world. Many medical problems arise from long-term diabetes mellitus caused by insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes or insulin deficiency in type 1 diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common complications of this disease. This condition develops as a result of several factors, such as uncontrolled high glucose levels, smoking, obesity, and family history of diabetes. This paper aims to determine the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men attending Barak General Hospital and evaluate the kidney function of those affected. This study enrolled 142 adult male volunteers, from whom blood and urine samples were collected for the following tests: urea, creatinine, microalbuminuria, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), fasting blood sugar (FBG) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the MDRD equation. The volunteers were divided into three groups based on their blood sugar concentration: the first group was healthy, with 54 volunteers (38%), the second group was pre-diabetic, with 28 volunteers (20%), and the third group was diabetic, with 60 patients (42%). There was a decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate, accompanied by an increase in the levels of urea, creatinine and micro albumin in the urine, in addition to an increase in blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin in diabetic group compared to healthy one (p value < 0.05). Moreover, there was a negative correlation between glycated hemoglobin and the estimated glomerular filtration rate and a positive correlation with microalbumin. Men who visit Brack Hospital have a high prevalence of diabetes, and those who have uncontrolled diabetes have a higher chance of acquiring renal failure as their illness progresses over time. Patients with type 2 diabetes should undergo a yearly test for protein in the urine (microalbuminuria) in order to avoid kidney deterioration in its early stages.in dusty and arid regions to ensure optimal performance and maximize energy efficiency