The Effect of Metformin on Vitamin B12 in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Wadi Etba Region, Southern Libya

Abstract

Metformin is the first choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the world, but with the long duration of therapy, it causes a decrease in the level of vitamin B12 in diabetic patients. Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with many clinical symptoms that significantly impact the health of diabetic patients. This study aimed to know the effect of metformin on vitamin B12 in type 2 diabetes patients in the Wadi Etba region. This study was conducted during the period from 2023/3 to 2023/6. Data was collected using the questionnaire tool, using the descriptive analytical approach. A total of 100 individuals aged 18 to 80 were surveyed (43% males, 57% females). The study found that the most common dose of metformin was 500 mg, which was taken at a rate of 61%, the longest duration of use was 2–5 years at a rate of 34%, and the dose ranged between 500 and 2000 mg. The duration and dosage of metformin were associated with the emergence of symptoms: numbness in the extremities occurred first at 73%, followed by depression at 60%, retinopathy at 58%, and digestive disorders, changes in memory, neuropathy, and heart problems at 44%, 52%, and 56%, respectively. The results show a significant link between the duration of metformin use and numbness or tingling in extremities and a connection between dosage and neuropathy or memory changes. Metformin may also cause vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms. It is recommended that type 2 diabetes patients taking metformin monitor vitamin B12 levels and consider supplements.