Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Analyzing the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for Idlib Governorate, Northwest Syria

Abstract

This study highlights the advantages of topographic maps and demonstrates the role of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques in cartographic analysis and representation. This allows for rapid, accurate, and diverse results that enhance understanding and clarity of the topographic landscape of the study area compared to traditional methods. The study aimed to represent the topographic characteristics of Idlib Governorate cartographically, including contour features, elevation values, surface features, and slope characteristics such as their degrees, directions, areas, curvature, hill shadows, and the network of watercourses. Using GIS techniques and application software such as ArcGIS 10.8 and Surfer 13, a set of maps was produced that are effective in development planning and serve as an aid to decision-makers in improving the study area. This study relied on the analysis of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the study area, revealing that it is characterized by a range of topographic features, including diverse terrain and varying elevations between 83 and 1108 meters above sea level. The general slope and prevailing water flow direction was found to be southeasterly, accounting for 17.9% of the total. Surface slopes ranged from 0 to 30°, and curvature ranged from -1° to +1.2°. The shadows cast by hills ranged from 0 to 180°, with the largest category (0-6°) representing 48.7% of the total. The surface is dissected by a number of temporary seasonal wadis (valleys) totaling approximately [number missing in original text]. (2357) valleys. A number of important and relevant findings and recommendations were presented.